Tuesday, July 28th, 2009 at
5:42 pm
As in any pet care, the wild origins dictate a lot of what is important in Guinea Pig care. The guinea pig is a species of rodent sometimes known as the Cacy. They are not in fact pigs, as their name would have suggested. They come from the moutains of South America, and studies have shown they have been breed from closely related species such as Cavia aperea, C. fulgida, or C. tschudii, so therefore do not exist as a wild species.
The guinea pig plays an important role in both the folk culture of many Indigenous South American tribes and more importantly as a food source (how could they?). Guinea Pigs were domesticated 5000 years ago for nourishment and have appeared in many folk stories and are repeatedly used in metaphors.
The guinea pig came to Europe in the 16th century by traders and since then has seen common status as a family pet. Originally they were seen as an mysterious pet and even Queen Elisabeth I had one. The metaphor “guinea pig” comes from their use in biological testing from the 17th century.
They are very docile easy to care for and are easy to handle and feed and are therefore popular with pet sitters. They are timid explorers and rarely attempt to escape. Guinea pigs will often whistle when interested, for example when they hear food being prepared or the owner comes near.
There are many breeds of domesticated guinea pigs, which vary in color and hair differences. The most common breeds are the shorthair (or American shorthair), the Abyssinian whose coat is ruffled. More particular long hair types include the Peruvian and the Sheltie (or Silkie) and the curly long hair Texel.
So should I choose a Guinea Pig?
They are very friendly animals – so require time for fuss, otherwise they will feel lonesome and this might lead to stress and sickness. This could be important if you are buying one for children, on the basis that the kids will care for the guinea pig. Noting they typically live for around four, but may live as long as 8 years and the Guinness Book of Records has the record age for a guinea pig at 14 years.
Guinea pigs are particularly large for rodents, weighing between 700 and 1200g (1.5-2.5 pounds), and measuring between 20 and 25 cm (8–10 inches) in length. Which means that you need to have more space for the cage. Though as a robust pet, this could be located in a shed or a protected corner outside. They will deal with cold better than excessive heat. Avoid wire mesh floored crates, as this can hurt their feet and potentially lead to infection.
As for many animals you should not put two males together as they will fight together when they become mature at about 6 months for leadership. Females can however be grouped together. Obviously you do not want to add a male to the group as they breed very easily.
They are grass eaters, which they digest with the help of their long colon. Hay is an alternative to the grass in a domestic situation. Like humans they cannot synthesise vitamin C and will need to attain this through their diet, otherwise scurvy will kill them. Scurvy is often identified by sluggishness. So feed them regularly fresh, raw fruits and vegetables (such as cabbage, broccoli, apple, carrot, celery, and spinach). Another option is through dietary vitamins. They are fussy eaters when mature, so with a young guinea pig give a wide variety of foods. They like to eat continuously, so ensure there is hay in their cage for them to eat.
Guinea pigs, as well as scurvy, can also suffer from respiratory tract infections, diarrhea, abscesses due to infection (often in the neck, due to hay embedded in the throat, or from external scratches), and infections by lice, mites or fungus.
They are active throughout the day and will sleep on and off, waking for some activity. Guinea pigs regularly groom themselves and will groom others.